|
Imāmah ((アラビア語:اٍمامة)) means "leadership" and is a concept in Twelver theology. The Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, in the Twelver branch of Shia Islam. According to Twelver theology the successors to Muhammad are infallible human beings, who not only rule justly over the community, but are also able to maintain and interpret sharia and undertake the esoteric interpretation of the Quran. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the Imams are a guide and model for the community to follow. For this, the Imams must be free from error and sin and chosen by divine decree—''nass''—through the Prophet. Shia believe that divine wisdom—'Aql—is the source of the souls of the Prophets and Imams and gives them esoteric knowledge—''hikmah''—and that their sufferings are a means by which their devotees may acquire divine grace.〔 The Imam is not the recipient of divine revelation, but has a close relationship with God who guides him, and the Imam in turn guides the people. The Imamat, or belief in the divine guide, is a fundamental belief in Shia Islam and is based on the concept that God would not leave humanity without access to divine guidance. According to the Twelvers there is always an Imam of the Age who is the divinely appointed authority on all matters of faith and law in the Muslim community. Ali was the first Imam in this line, and in the view of Twelvers the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by the male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Husayn ibn Ali, who was the brother of Hasan ibn Ali.〔 The twelfth and final Imam is Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive and in hiding.〔 ==The concept of Imamah== According to al-Mofid and Allamah Hilli Imamate is a universal authority over the religious and secular matters of the community as the successor of the prophet〔 and in Shia theology it means the legitimate successor to the Islamic community who are just the family of the prophet (ahl al-Bayt). not because they are the prophet's family, but because they have the prerequisites of religious and political leadership. Allamah Tabatabaei states that Imamate is under investigation from three perspectives: Islamic government, Islamic sciences, spiritual guidance.The Motahhari states that the term Imamate reflects the spiritual and social-political leadership. Shia theology, philosophy, and mysticism, politics as well as historical progression derives from the doctrine of Imamah. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Imamate (Twelver doctrine)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|